Salvage cholecystectomy for gall stone recurrence after gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the causes and prognosis of salvage cholecystectomy for relapsing cholecystolithiasis after gallbladder-preserving gall stones removal surgery.Methods:From Jul 2015 to Dec 2019, 24 referral patients with gallstone recurrence after gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy surgery received salvage cholecystectomy. The clinical data was analyzed to explore the causes for re-operation and the prognosis.Results:Twenty-two cases had definite gallstone recurrence, among them 19 cases were symptomatic, 2 cases were operated on suspected gallbladder tumor and common bile duct stones induced acute cholangitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully performed in 23 cases and 1 case was converted to open surgery. No severe complication were observed in all the patients.Conclusions:Symptomatic gallstone recurrence is the most common causes of salvage cholecystectomy after gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy. Laparoscopic surgery procedure is still highly successful.

Results of reoperation of left atrioventricular valve after atrioventricular septal defect repair / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:This study aims to review two surgical techniques results of the reoperation for left atrioventricular valve(LAVV) failure in repaired atrioventricular septal defect.Methods:All consecutive patients with repaired atrioventricular septal defect(AVSD) who underwent redo-LAVV surgery from 2005 to 2019 were included. Patients with single ventricles, banding, atrial isomerism, and complex associated anomalies were excluded. Univariate analysis included repair and replacement. Data analyzed included number and year of primary AVSD and redo-LAVV operation, morphology of AVSD, mortality, and reoperation, early and long-term survival.Results:There were a total of 28 patients including 7 boys(25%) with age of 114.5 months(63.0-194.5 months). The mean body weight was 28.55 kg(15.5-55.9 kg). There were 11(39.3%) patients with complete AVSD and 17(60.7%) with partial AVSD, and 21(75%) patients with LAVV valvuloplasty(LAVVP), 7(25%) patients with LAVV replacement(LAVVR). The aortic cross clamp time was significantly longer in patients who underwent LAVVR compared to LAVVP[LAVVR 94 min(79-107)min vs. LAVVP 66 min(45-83 min), P<0.05]. The technique of cleft closure with LAVVP 18(87.5%) more than LAVVR 2(28.6%), P<0.05. Conclusion:The postoperative left atrio-ventricular valve(LAVV) regurgitation is the main reason of the reoperation. The technique of cleft closure with LVVR-Repair is favorable. At follow-up, survivors with re-LVVR-Repair have high rates with numerous operations.

Outcomes of complicated congenital heart diseases following multiple re-sternotomy operations: A single-center experience / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To analyze the outcomes of complicated congenital heart diseases (CCHD) patients accepting multiple (>2) re-sternotomy operations. Methods    We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 146 patients undergoing multiple cardiac re-sternotomy operations between 2015 and 2019 in our center. There were 95 males and 51 females with an age of 4.3 (3.1-6.8) years and a weight of 15.3 (13.4-19.0) kg at last operation. Results    The top three cardiac malformations were pulmonary atresia (n=51, 34.9%), double outflow of right ventricle (n=36, 24.7%) and functional single ventricle (n=36, 24.7%). A total of 457 sternotomy procedures were performed, with 129 (88.3%) patients undergoing three times of operations and 17 (11.7%) patients undergoing more than three times. Fifty-two (35.6%) patients received bi-ventricular repair, 63 (43.1%) patients received Fontan-type procedures, and 31 (21.2%) patients underwent palliative procedures. Ten (6.8%) patients experienced major accidents during sternotomy, including 7 (4.8%) patients of urgent femoral artery and venous bypass. Eleven (7.5%) patients died with 10 (6.8%) deaths before discharge. The follow-up time was 20.0 (5.8-40.1) months, and 1 patient died during the follow-up. The number of operations was an independent risk factor for the death after operation. Conclusion    Series operations of Fontan in functional single ventricle, repeated stenosis of pulmonary artery or conduit of right ventricular outflow tract post bi-ventricular repair are the major causes for the reoperation. Multiple operations are a huge challenge for CCHD treatment, which should be avoided.

Factors influencing unplanned re-operation of prostatic cancer and its countermeasures / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the main causes for unplanned re-operation of prostatic cancer.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 4 patients with prostatic cancer who underwent an unplanned re-operation were analyzed retrospectively between September 2014 and July 2019 in our hospital.Preoperative data of patients was collected as follows: mean age of 65 years, ranged from 56 to 71 years.tPSA ranged from 5.17-13.20 ng/ml.Gleason score of 3+ 3 in 1 case, 3+ 4 in 2 cases, 4+ 4 in 1 case. pTNM pT2a in 2 Cases, pT2b in 2 cases. LRP(extraperitoneal approach) in 1 case, RARP(transperitoneal approach) in 3 cases.@*Results@#The main causes for unplanned re-operation were as follows: perioperative hemodynamic instability(75%, 3/4), post-operative fever(25%, 1/4). All 4 re-operations were performed by urologists using Laparoscopic exploration of abdomen.@*Conclusions@#Inadequate and inappropriate surgical hemostasis are the key to lead a second-look surgery of prostatic cancer.A complete hemostasis could help to lower the re-operation rate.Laparoscopic exploration of abdomen could be one of the choices to deal with re-operation after minimally invasive radical prostatectomy.

Factors influencing unplanned re-operation of prostatic cancer and its countermeasures / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To analyze the main causes for unplanned re-operation of prostatic cancer.Methods The clinical data of 4 patients with prostatic cancer who underwent an unplanned re-operation were analyzed retrospectively between September 2014 and July 2019 in our hospital.Preoperative data of patients was collected as follows:mean age of 65 years,ranged from 56 to 71 years.tPSA ranged from 5.17-13.20 ng/ml.Gleason score of 3 + 3 in 1 case,3 +4 in 2 cases,4 +4 in 1 case.pTNM pT2a in 2 Cases,pT2b in 2 cases.LRP(extraperitoneal approach) in 1 case,RARP(transperitoneal approach) in 3 cases.Results The main causes for unplanned re-operation were as follows:perioperative hemodynamic instability(75％,3/4),post-operative fever(25％,1/4).All 4 re-operations were performed by urologists using Laparoscopic exploration of abdomen.Conclusions Inadequate and inappropriate surgical hemostasis are the key to lead a second-look surgery of prostatic cancer.A complete hemostasis could help to lower the re-operation rate.Laparoscopic exploration of abdomen could be one of the choices to deal with re-operation after minimally invasive radical prostatectomy.

Redo Aortic Valve Replacement through Right Anterior Mini-thoracotomy 15 Years after Aortic Valve Replacement via Partial Sternotomy : A Case Report / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 65-year-old man with a history of severe aortic valve regurgitation had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) via partial upper hemisternotomy at the age of 50 years. At that time, bioprosthetic valve was implanted. Fifteen years after the valve implantation, he presented with palpitations and chest tightness. Examination revealed bioprosthetic valve failure with consequent severe aortic valve regurgitation. Redo AVR via right anterior mini-thoracotomy was decided as the treatment strategy, and the procedure was successfully completed without complications. The patient underwent extubation on the day of the operation. His postoperative course was unremarkable, and he was discharged 13 days postoperatively. In this case, the patient had previously undergone partial upper hemisternotomy (classified as a minimally invasive cardiac surgery [MICS]) and showed only few adhesions in the pericardium, suggesting that MICS could be beneficial in cases involving re-operation.

Clinical study of unplanned re-operation after renal transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To analyze the reasons and outcomes of the unplanned re-operation in renal transplant recipients during perioperative period,and to summarize the corresponding strategies.Methods From January 2014 to September 2017,the clinical data of 20 cases of kidney transplantation which had a total of 22 unplanned re-operations were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were given quadruple immunosuppression with antibody induction and tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) plus prednisone (Pred).We analyzed the reasons,occurrence time,effect of re-operation and the renal function,as well as survival rate of all graft and recipient.The delayed graft function (DGF),acute rejection (AR) and incidence of pulmonary infection were monitored as well.Results Up to September 2017,during the follow-up of 1-36 months,the overall rate of unplanned re-operation was 4.6％,and 2 patients underwent 3 operations.For the reasons of re-operation,there were 18 cases of bleeding (13 cases of blood oozing from the wound surface,3 cases of renal parenchyma rupture because of rejection,and 2 cases of rupture of renal artery infection),2 cases of renal artery thrombosis and 2 cases of the repair of leakage of urine.Two operations were performed within 1 days for 9 cases,2-5 days for 5 cases,6-10 days for 3 cases,above 10 days for 45 cases.There was no deaths during the perioperative period.One patient died of rupture of exiliac aneurysm 3 months after the operation.One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage 6 months postoperation.The death censored graft survival rate was 72.2％ (13/18) and the incidence of DGF was 55 ％.Conclusion The major reason of unplanned re-operation for renal transplantation is associated with bleeding of various causes.And the incidence of DGF is high.If the secondary operation was performed with the correct decision,the kidney allograft recovers well.

Clinical analysis on re-operative patients with gallbladder cancer revealed by pathology examination after laparoscopic cholecystectomy / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the treatment strategy for the re-operation patients with gallbladder cancer revealed by pathological results after laparoscopic cholecystectomy .Methods The clinical data in 15 cases of gallbladder cancer found by pa-thology after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the general surgery department of this hospital during 2009-2013 were retrospective-ly analyzed .Results The pathological results on 3-5 d after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 15 cases showed gallbladder cancer , tumor located at the gallbladder fundus in 2 cases ,the gallbladder body in 2 cases and gallbladder neck in 9 cases;there were 1 case of severe atypical hyperplasia ,2 cases of high differentiation adenocarcinoma ,9 cases of middle differentiation adenocarcinoma and 3 cases of low differentiation adenocarcinoma ;there were 1 case of Tis ,8 cases of pT Ⅰa ,6 cases of pTⅠb ,and 15 cases of bile tube incisal edge were negative .All 15 cases received re-laparotomy and hepatic duodenal ligament lymph nodes resection on 6-11 d af-ter cholecystectomy ,There were 1 case in the stage 0 ,8 cases in the stage Ⅰa ,5 cases in the stage Ⅰb ,1 case in the stage Ⅲb by TNM classification .The postoperative follow up lasted for 28 -79 months ,the accumulative survival rate was 100% in 1 year , 100% in 2 year ,93% in 3 year ,93% in 5 year .One case of stage Ⅲb was found repeated metastasis obstructive jaundice ,received transcutaneous puncture bile tract drainage and died after 3 months;no postoperative incision implantation metastasis was found . Conclusion Gallbladder cancer found by pathological examination after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally in early stage . Therefore ,early conducting the additional hepatic duodenal ligament lymphadenectomy has relatively good prognosis .

Cirurgia ortognática: assimetria facial e a limitação do planejamento manual com articulador semi-ajustável Acon (ASA) - correção com planejamento virtual (3D) / Orthognathic surgery: facial asymmetry and the limitation of manual planning with the semi-adjustable Arcon (ASA) articulator ­ correction with virtual (3D) planning

Introdução: os casos de assimetria facial são considerados os de maior complexidade dentro do âmbito da cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial, devido a alteração esquelético-morfológica nos três planos do espaço (Pitch, Yaw e Roll). Estes planos foram trazidos do posicionamento de uma aeronave no espaço para o mundo da cirurgia, mais especificamente ao planejamento virtual, para romper as limitações do planejamento manual e a plataforma de Erickson, usados durante décadas para correção não só de casos simples envolvendo movimentos puros dos ossos, como também assimetrias. Hoje é sabido que o planejamento manual ainda é usado, porém, vem caindo em desuso devido as suas limitações. A cirurgia virtual vem ganhando muito espaço e se superando a cada dia. Objetivo: relatar um caso de cirurgia ortognática em que a paciente era portadora de assimetria facial, planejada de forma manual (tradicional) e os erros encontrados após 04 anos, levando a uma re-operação baseada em planejamento virtual.

Introduction: the cases of facial asymmetry are considered the most complex within the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery due to skeletal-morphological changes in the three planes of space (Pitch, Yaw and Roll). These plans were brought from the position of an aircraft in space to the world of surgery, specifically the virtual planning to break the limitations of manual planning and Erickson platform, used for decades to fix not only simple cases involving purê bone's movements as well as asymmetries. Today it is known that manual planning is still used, however, it has fallen into disuse because of its limitations. Virtual surgery is gaining a lot of space and surpassing every day. Objective: this article aims to report a case of orthognathic surgery in which the patient had facial asymmetry, planned manually (traditional) and the errors found after 04 years, leading to a virtual planning-based re-operation.

Modelo de pronóstico de reoperación en cirugía abdominal / Prognosis model of reoperation in abdominal surgery

Introducción: En presencia de complicaciones infecciosas intrabdominales postoperatorias, la decisión de reoperar es todavía difícil para el cirujano actuante. Los modelos matemáticos representan una buena ayuda al diagnóstico en estas condiciones. Método: Estudio prospectivo observacional de 300 pacientes post-cirugía abdominal ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Calixto García desde enero de 2008 a enero de 2010. Los pacientes fueron aleatoriamente separados (2:1) en dos grupos; estimación (GE) y validación (GV). En el GE se desarrollaron tres modelos estadísticos para la reoperación, que fueron validados en el GV .Estos modelos incluyeron variables, que en estudios anteriores demostraron su utilidad en el pronóstico, como el índice predictivo de reoperación aguda (ARPI) y la presión intrabdominal (PIA) Resultados: El modelo ARPI-PIA fue el mejor de los tres modelos, según el estadígrafo Hosmer-Lemeshow (calibración C=9,976 p=0.267, discriminación área bajo la curva ROC=0,989 IC 95 por ciento 0,976-1,000). Conclusión: La inclusión de la PIA junto al ARPI en un modelo matemático puede aumentar la certeza del pronóstico de reoperación en presencia de complicaciones infecciosas intrabdominales tras cirugía abdominal. Este modelo puede ser de utilidad en situaciones de recursos diagnósticos limitados.(AU)

Background: The decision of re-operating after abdominal surgery is still difficult, especially whenan intra-abdominal infectious complication is present. Mathematical models represent good diagnosis aid. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 300 patients after abdominal surgery consecutively admitted at the intensive care unit of the "CalixtoGarcía Hospital" from January 2008 to January 2010. The patients were randomly separated (2:1) into estimation and validation groups. Three models for re-operation were developed in the estimation group by logistic regression, using some factors that demonstrated their usefulness in previous studies, for example, the acute re-operation predictive index (ARPI) and the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Afterwords, the models were validated on the other group. Results: Acute re-operation predictive index-intraabdominal pressure (ARPI-IAP) model was the best of the three models, with an excellent calibration by the Hossmer-Lemeshow goodness-of fit statistic (C=9,976 p=0,267), discrimination (AUC=0,989 95 percent CI 0,976-1,000). Conclusion: The combination of IAP with ARPI in a mathematical model can add accuracy to the prediction of re-operation related to intra-abdominal infectious complications in patients after abdominal surgery. This model is recommended in conditions of limited diagnostic resources. (AU)

Clinical analysis of 24 cases of external pancreaticfistula patients treated by fistulectomy and Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunostomy / 临床外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the surgical management of pancreatic fistula caused by pan-creatic trauma and pancreatitis through surgical drainage. Methods A series of 45 patients with pancreat-ic fistula undergoing Roux-en-Y surgery with or without fistulectomy from 2004 to 2014 was analyzed. Pa-tients were divided into two groups:patients in group A(n=21)underwent external drainage of pancreatic secretion by Roux-en-Y surgery,and patients in group B(n= 24)underwent Roux-en-Y surgery with fistu-lectomy. The surgery was performed at 4~6 months after formation of the fistula,and somatostatin was used postoperatively. Results Patients in group A developed more severe side effects than patients in group B, including chronic abdominal pain(6/21 vs. 1/24),pancreatic leakage(8/21 vs. 2/24),digestive bleeding (5/21 vs. 5/24)and incision infection(9/21 vs. 3/24). Conclusion Resection of the fistula plus Roux-en-Y surgery can significantly reduce the incidence of surgical complications,which is a safe and efficient management for pancreatic fistula.

Reoperación en cirugía traqueal / Reoperation required in tracheal surgery

Objetivo: describir los resultados obtenidos con el tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con recidiva de estenosis isquémica traqueal o subglótica. Métodos: entre junio de 1985 y julio de 2009 fueron operados 28 pacientes por recidiva de estenosis traqueal y laringotraqueal. Dos de ellos se perdieron durante el seguimiento. Las variables estudiadas fueron: procedencia y localización de la lesión, causa de la recidiva, técnica quirúrgica empleada, complicaciones y resultado definitivo. Resultados: diez pacientes fueron intervenidos primariamente por los autores y 16 en otros hospitales. En 12 enfermos la lesión fue traqueal y en 14 subglótica. La principal causa demostrada de recidiva fue la tensión excesiva sobre la línea de sutura. En 15 pacientes no se pudo determinar, la mayoría de estos (14) ocurrió en enfermos remitidos de otros centros. Se realizó resección al 73,1 porciento de los casos (subglótica 11, traqueal 8) y colocación de un tubo en T al resto (tráquea 4, subglotis 3). Las complicaciones comprendieron: granulomas, infección de la herida, dehiscencia parcial de sutura, fístula traqueal y lesión recurrencial bilateral. El resultado fue excelente y satisfactorio en el 96,2 porciento y malo en el 3,8 porciento. Conclusiones: el tratamiento quirúrgico por recidiva de una estenosis traqueal o subglótica, puede producir resultados que garanticen calidad de vida adecuada sin la necesidad de prótesis o traqueostomía(AU)

Objective: to present the results achieved with the surgical treatment in patients with recurrent tracheal and subglottic ischemic stenosis. Methods: twenty eight patients were operated on from recurrent tracheal and laryngeal-tracheal stenosis from June 1985 through July 2009. Two of them were excluded because they were lost during the follow-up. The study variables were origin and location of the lesion, cause of recurrence, surgical technique, complications and final results. Results: Ten patients were operated on by the authors and 16 underwent the same procedure in other hospitals. The tracheal lesion was involved in 12 cases and the subglottic one in 14. The main cause of recurrence was excessive tension on the suture line. It was not possible to define the cause in 15 patients, 14 of whom had been referred from other hospitals. Nineteen patients (73,1 percent) underwent resection (tracheal 8, subglottic 11) and T-tube was placed in other 7 patients (tracheal 4 and subglottic 3). Morbidity comprised granulomas, wound infection, partial suture dehiscence, tracheal fistula and bilateral recurrent nerve lesion. Final results were excellent and satisfactory in 96.2 percent of cases and unsatisfactory in 3.8 percent. Conclusions: Surgical treatment in cases with tracheal or subglottic recurrent stenosis may yield positive results that guarantee adequate quality of life without requiring prosthesis or tracheostomy(AU)

Relative Factors Analysis on Operational Result of Iatrogenic Biliary Tract Injury Induced by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To discuss the relative factors of re-operational effect on iatrogenic bile duct injury(IBDI)induced by laparoscopic cholecystecto-my(LC). [Method] Make analysis on the clinical data of 20 cases of LC-induced IBDI, respectively discussing the relative factors of clinical features, opera-tional opportunity and technology in the operation of IBDI. [Result] LC-induced IBDI was influenced by operational opportunity, the treatment in the past operation and operator’s level of operation for the effect. [Conclusion] The repair opportunity and treatment of LC-induced IBDI were the decisive factors influencing patients’prognosis;it’s better to find and repair timely and for the surgeon with rich experience to do the operation.

Giant Para-anastomotic Aneurysm after Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Para-anastomotic aneurysms may have dangerous complications such as rupture and thrombosis, with consequent loss of life. As these complications are associated with high mortality rates, early detection and prompt surgical treatment are important. Repair of para-anastomotic aneurysms may be challenging and the surgical approach should be carefully planned. A 66-year-old man had undergone thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair 18 years previously. The diameter of the distal aortic anastomosis was gradually increasing. We comprehensively discussed the surgical approach preoperatively, including consideration of spinal cord protection. Abdominal aortic graft replacement was performed through a midline abdominal incision, with cross-clamping on the proximal side of the aneurysm, continuous intravenous infusion of naloxone, and segmental aortic clamping with distal aortic perfusion and selective visceral perfusion. The left renal artery was reconstructed, and the inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar arteries were preserved.

Discussion on valve re-operative cases after cardiac valve replacement / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To summarize the results of valve re-operative cases after cardiac valve replacement, to find the better re-operative time, and to estimate the re-operative methods and influencing factors of the operation. Methods Thirteen valve re-operative cases after cardiac valve replacement from October 2008 to February 2010 were retrospectively studied. According to NYHA classification, 9 cases belonged to class Ⅳ, and only 4 cases belonged to class Ⅲ preoperatively. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)was performed in 7 cases, aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 3 cases, MVR + AVR in 3 cases. Results The early-stage postoperative mortality was 7.7%( 1/13),and the reason was low cardiac output syndrome. Two cases who underwent re-operation and re-intubation respectively after operation for hemorrhage were improved after treatment. Twelve cases were discharged in 3-6 weeks after heart valve surgery and all were followed up for 6-15 months. The cardiac function of all the discharged patients recovered well and no death occurred during follow-up. Conclusion The key factors to reduce the death of re-operation are improving preoperative heart function,setting up extracorporeal circulation as soon as possible,consummating myocardial preservation,perfecting operating skills,correcting low cardiac output syndrome in time and preventing complications.

Estudo de acurácia em cirurgia assistida por navegação na revisão cirúrgica de deformidade vertebral / Estudio de la precisión en cirugía asistida por navegación en la reoperación de deformidad espinal / Study of the accuracy of navigation-assisted surgery in the surgical revision of spinal deformity

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as vantagens da cirurgia com navegação na revisão cirúrgica de deformidades vertebrais, verificando a acurácia deste método. MÉTODO: Foram revisados cincos pacientes com deformidades vertebrais que tiveram intercorrências na primeira cirurgia. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a um estudo de tomografia computadorizada (TC) com cortes de 2mm da coluna vertebral antes da segunda cirurgia. Nos cinco pacientes submetidos a reabordagem cirúrgica procedeu-se a instrumentação posterior com auxílio da navegação. Foram 84 parafusos pediculares implantados, sendo que 33 destes parafusos foram assistidos por computação. A navegação foi empregada nos níveis da deformidade vertebral onde a anatomia apresentava-se alterada inviabilizando o correto uso dos parâmetros anatômicos para inserção de parafusos pediculares. Nos demais níveis onde era possível a correta identificação desses parâmetros anatômicos foi utilizada a técnica padrão. A TC pós-operatória foi realizada para aferição do posicionamento dos parafusos pediculares. Avaliamos os resultados obtidos no posicionamento com e sem o uso da navegação. O tempo de fluoroscopia e o tempo da cirurgia também foram comparados com o padrão ouro da literatura. RESULTADOS: Dos 33 parafusos implantados com navegação observou-se uma acurácia de 94 por cento, com uma taxa de violação pedicular de 6 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da navegação é importante nas revisões cirúrgicas das deformidades vertebrais com anatomia alterada, influenciando no bom resultado final da cirurgia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of computer-assisted spine surgery in re-operations due to vertebral deformities, and verify method accuracy. METHOD: A total of five patients with vertebral deformities who had complications during prior surgery were re-operated. These patients underwent a specific Computer Tomography scan with 2mm cuts of the spine before the second surgery. In the five patients who underwent re-operation, posterior instrumentation with the aid of computer-assisted spine surgery was performed. 84 pedicle screws were implanted, and in 33 of these computer-assisted surgeries were used. The computer-assisted surgery was used at the levels of spinal deformity where anatomy was altered making correct use of anatomical parameters for insertion of pedicle screws impossible. In the remaining levels, standard technique was used where the correct identification of anatomical parameters was possible. Post-operative computed tomography was performed to measure the placement of pedicle screws. We evaluated the results in positioning with and without the use of navigation. The fluoroscopy and surgery time were also compared with the gold standard of literature. RESULTS: Of the 33 screws implanted with navigation, 94 percent accuracy was observed; with a pedicle violation rate of 6 percent.The use of navigation is an important tool for surgical revision of the vertebral deformities with altered anatomy, influencing surgery result.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las ventajas de la cirugía con navegación en reoperación por deformidades vertebrales, verificando la precisión de este método. MÉTODO: Fueron revisados cinco pacientes con deformidades vertebrales que tuvieron complicaciones en la primera cirugía. Esos pacientes fueron sometidos a un estudio de tomografía computada (TC) con cortes de 2 mm de la columna vertebral antes de la segunda cirugía. En los 5 pacientes sometidos al reabordaje quirúrgico se procedió a instrumentación posterior con auxilio de la navegación. Fueron 84 tornillos pediculares implantados, siendo que 33 de éstos fueron asistidos por computación. La navegación fue empleada en los niveles de la deformidad vertebral en donde la anatomía se presentaba alterada impidiendo el uso correcto de los parámetros anatómicos para inserción de tornillos pediculares. En los demás niveles en donde era posible la correcta identificación de esos parámetros anatómicos se utilizó la técnica estándar. La TC postoperatoria fue realizada para medición del posicionamiento de los tornillos pediculares. Evaluamos los resultados obtenidos en el posicionamiento con y sin el uso de la navegación. El tiempo de fluoroscopía y el tiempo de la cirugía también fueron comparados con la regla áurea de la literatura. RESULTADOS: De los 33 tornillos implantados con navegación se observó una precisión de 94 por ciento, con una tasa de violación pedicular del 6 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la navegación es importante en la reoperación de las deformidades vertebrales con anatomía alterada, influenciando en el buen resultado de la cirugía.

Anesthetic management for liver re-transplantation / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To summarize our experience on anesthetic management for liver re-transplantation. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients who received liver re-transplantation under general anesthesia were retrospectively analyzed. General anesthesia was given to all patients. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), electrocardiogram (ECG), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure continuous cardiac output (CCO), cardiac index (CI), partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2), auditory evoked potentials index (AEPI), body temperature (T), and urine volume were continuously monitored during the operation. Pulse-induced contour cardiac output (PiCCO) technology was used to measure global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV), extravascular lung water (EVLW), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and stroke volume variation (SVV). The following data of patients, including the periods between the 2 operation, the presence of abdominal infection and multiple organ system failure (MOSF), the mode of re-operation, the operation duration, non-liver time, blood loss, blood transfusion, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), preoperative creatinine, preoperative bilirubin, and the use of volven, albumin, 5% sodium bicarbonate, fibrinogen and thrombin, were all investigated and compared between the 2 operations. Results: All the 20 patients survived after liver re-transplantation. During the operation the hemodynarnic state, urine volume, electrolytes, and acid-base balance were all stable. The duration of the re-operation was significantly longer compared with that of the first operation (P<0.05), and the blood loss, blood transfusion, and the used of fibrinogen, thrombin and 5% sodium bicarbonate were all significantly more than those of the first operation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Anesthetic management for liver re-transplantation is very complicated; better understanding of patients condition and operation, careful observation during operation, and correct management in time are the keys for successful operation.

Chronic stenosis of mechanical prosthetic valve complicated with acute dysfunction: Diagnosis and surgical treatment / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the surgical diagnosis and treatment of chronic stenosis of mechanical prosthetic valve complicated with acute dysfunction, so as to deepen our knowledge on chronic stenosis of mechanical prosthetic valve. Methods: The clinical data of 5 patients with chronic stenosis of mechanical prosthetic valve complicated with acute dysfunction were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results: Re-operation (mechanical prosthetic valve replacement) was performed once the diagnoses were confirmed. The patients recovered well; the cardiac function was obviously improved; and there were no early complications. Conclusion: Chronic stenosis of mechanical prosthetic valve should be strongly suspected when they have symptoms indicating valvular stenosis. Complication of acute mechanical prosthetic valve dysfunction is not difficult to diagnose, and prompt operation is important to save the life of patients.

The causes and nursing points of re-operation after orthotopic liver transplantation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the causes and nursing points of re-operation after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods The clinical data of 241 patients who underwent OLT in the past three years were analyzed, and the causes and nursing of re-operation were summarized. Results In the 241 patients,30 cases underwent re-operation. The incidence of re-operation was 12.4%. The causes included: intra-abdominal bleeding in 14 cases with the incidence of 46.7%, biliary complications in 8 cases with the incidence of 26.6%, 4 cases infection in different organs with the incidence of 13.3%, wound dehiscence in 2 cases with the incidence of 6.7% and recurrence of carcinoma in 2 cases with the incidence of 6.7%. 7 patients died after re-operation with the mortality rate of 13.3%. Conclusions The causes of re-operation after OLT were various, intra-abdominal bleeding and biliary complications were the main factors. Knowing the causes and taking rational nursing helped to raise the survival rate and quality of life after OLT.

Results of Re-operation on the Deviated Eye in Patients with Sensory Heterotropia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the result of re-operation on the deviated eye of recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus after surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 11 patients who had received second strabismus operation on the deviated eye due to recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 11 patients, five patients were operated for recurred exotropia after surgery of sensory exotropia (group 1), two for consecutive exotropia after surgery of sensory esotropia (group 2), and four for undercorrected esotropia after surgery of sensory esotropia (group 3). Re-operation was performed 19.2+/-12.6 years after the first operation and the mean preoperative deviation before re-operation was 30.0+/-8.66 prism diopters (PD), 32.5+/-10.6PD, and 32.5+/-8.66PD, respectively. In all cases, a small amount of recession or resection compared with the usual surgical dosage was applied in re-operation on the deviated eye. The mean follow-up period after re-operation was 12.3+/-14.2 (1-48 months). Among the 11 patients, postoperative deviations less than 10PD were achieved postoperatively in 8 (72.7%) at 1 month and of the 8 patients with follow-up data beyond 6 months, 5 (62.5%) showed orthotropia within 10PD at 6 months or later. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical result of re-operation on the deviated eye of recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus after the first surgery was satisfactory in spite of the reduced amount of surgical correction compared with the surgical dosage recommended for the non-operated eye.